Conviction means

2. A firmly held belief or opinion.

“He felt convicted for not spending time with God.”

synonyms:  belief, opinion, view, thought, position, stance, article of faith

1. A formal declaration that someone is guilty of a criminal offense, made by the verdict of a jury or the decision of a judge in a court of law.

“She had a previous conviction for a similar offense.”

synonyms:  declaration of guilt, sentence, judgment